Characterization And Treatment of Landfill Leachate in South Indian Metropolitan Cities: A Review of Regional Challenges and Sustainable Solutions

Abstract

Landfill leachate is a major environmental concern in rapidly urbanizing cities. The composition of leachate varies from region to region due to differences in waste generation patterns, landfill age, climatic conditions and waste management practices. This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of landfill leachate characterization in metropolitan cities of South India, focusing on key physicochemical and biological parameters. Furthermore the study reviews on various landfill leachate treatment technologies including conventional methods like coagulation- flocculation and biological treatment as well as advanced techniques such as membrane filtration, electrochemical process and phytoremediation. The challenge posed by high organic loads, ammonia concentration are discussed in the context of local climatic and regulatory conditions. The review highlights the need for region-specific, integrated treatment strategies with sustainability to mitigate the environmental impact of landfill leachate.