Shalya Instruments and Their Dimensions According to Sharir Rachana: A Review

Abstract

Background: Shalya Tantra, a key branch of Ayurveda, focuses on surgical procedures and the use of Shalya Yantras (surgical instruments). The Sushruta Samhita, a foundational text in Ayurveda, describes 101 blunt instruments (Yantras) and 20 sharp instruments (Shastras), designed with precision based on Sharir Rachana (anatomy). These instruments were developed with ergonomic principles to enhance efficiency, safety, and precision in surgical interventions.

Objective: This study explores the dimensions, ergonomics, and modern relevance of Ayurvedic surgical instruments as described in Sushruta Samhita, correlating their design with contemporary surgical tools.

Methodology: A detailed literature review of Ayurvedic texts was conducted, particularly focusing on the dimensions of instruments based on Anguli Pramana (finger measurement). Ergonomic principles such as grip control, weight distribution, biomechanics, and strain reduction were analyzed and correlated with modern surgical instruments.

Results: The study highlights the scientific rationale behind the dimensions of Shalya Yantras. Ayurvedic instruments were ergonomically crafted for: Precision and accuracy in surgical interventions, surgeon comfort and reduced hand fatigue, minimized trauma, reduced healing time, and enhanced patient safety, optimized design for efficiency in surgical procedures Additionally, a direct correlation with modern surgical instruments was identified, demonstrating Ayurveda’s foresight in instrument design.

Conclusion: Sushruta’s Shalya Yantras were not only designed based on anatomical principles but also incorporated ergonomic efficiency, aligning closely with modern surgical instrument design. By understanding and integrating these ancient ergonomic principles, modern surgical tools can be further refined for improved efficiency, precision, and safety in contemporary medicine. The relevance of Ayurvedic surgical knowledge continues to influence modern-day surgical advancements, bridging traditional wisdom with scientific innovation