Coupling Mechanisms Between Lower and Middle Atmosphere: A Study of Forcing Effects

Abstract

The interaction between the lower and middle atmosphere plays a critical role in shaping global climate and weather patterns. This study explores key coupling mechanisms, including thermal and radiative forcing, dynamical interactions through planetary and gravity waves, and chemical exchanges via stratosphere-troposphere transport. Case studies such as Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) events, ENSO-driven stratospheric circulation changes, and the impact of volcanic eruptions illustrate the complex feedback processes influencing atmospheric dynamics. Advances in Global Climate Models (GCMs), high-resolution numerical simulations, and satellite observations have improved predictive capabilities, yet challenges remain in accurately modeling wave propagation, radiative feedbacks, and long-term climate shifts. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for enhancing climate resilience, improving weather forecasts, and informing mitigation strategies in the face of global climate change. Future research must focus on refining observational techniques and advancing climate modeling.