Utilizing Foundry Slag in Composite Engineering: Mechanical Characteristics, Environmental Benefits, and Future Opportunities in Propulsion Systems

Abstract

Research on materials for propulsion systems focuses on enhancing performance, durability, efficiency, and sustainability. Propulsion systems, including those for aerospace, marine, and automotive applications, require materials capable of withstanding extreme conditions such as high temperatures, pressures, and corrosive environments. This review paper focuses on the utilization of foundry slag, a by-product from metal casting processes, as a reinforcing agent in composite materials. Foundry slag is rich in silicates and oxides, offering unique mechanical properties that enhance the performance of various matrix systems, including polymers and concrete. The review synthesizes recent studies demonstrating significant improvements in tensile, flexural, and compressive strengths when foundry slag is integrated into composites. Additionally, it highlights the environmental benefits associated with recycling foundry slag, which reduces the demand for virgin materials and minimizes landfill waste. The paper also addresses the economic advantages of using foundry slag in construction applications, presenting case studies that validate its effectiveness. Despite the promising findings, the review identifies gaps in research regarding particle size optimization and long-term durability. It suggests future research directions, including innovative applications in geopolymers and graphene-based composites. Ultimately, this review underscores the potential of foundry slag as a valuable resource in the development of sustainable composite materials, advocating for further exploration to maximize its benefits in material engineering for aircraft and propulsion systems.