Non-Edible Biodiesel: A Comprehensive Review of Stability, Engine Performance, and Optimization Techniques

Abstract

Non-edible biodiesel has evolved as a viable alternative to fossil fuels, solving energy security and environmental problems without sacrificing food supplies. This paper critically investigates the stability, aging effects, engine performance, and optimization approaches of biodiesel generated from non-edible feedstocks, notably Jatropha (Jatropha curcas), Pongamia (Pongamia pinnata), and Waste Cooking Oil (WCO). Challenges such as oxidative stability, cold flow characteristics, and emissions are examined in depth. Recent research over the previous five years shows breakthroughs in feedstock use, additive application, and process optimization. The results underline the demand for enhanced storage solutions and the incorporation of sophisticated technology in industrial processes. Future possibilities highlight the discovery of innovative feedstocks, technical integration, and supporting regulatory frameworks to boost the feasibility of non-edible biodiesel.