Assessment of Energy Requirements and Supply Options for Liquefaction of Green Hydrogen Production

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Ndapanda Hilma Musole, Maduako Emmanuel Okorie, Freddie Liswaniso Inambao

Abstract

Hydrogen liquefaction is a critical process for enabling efficient storage and transportation of hydrogen fuel, which is increasingly seen as a key element in the transition to a sustainable energy system. Hydrogen must be cooled to cryogenic temperatures, around -253°C, to be liquefied, which presents significant technical and economic challenges. This paper reviews recent advancements in hydrogen liquefaction processes, focusing on large-scale applications, dynamic simulation, optimization techniques, and the effects of para-ortho hydrogen conversion. It synthesizes findings from key studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in this field. By examining both the technical and economic aspects of hydrogen liquefaction, this review aims to identify key areas for further research and development that could enhance the viability of hydrogen as a major energy carrier.

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