Performance Evaluation of Low Heat Loss Piston Engine with Different Air Gaps

Abstract

With a focus on the effects of changing the air gap, this study assesses the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine with insulated pistons utilizing a fuel blend of 45% acetylene, 20% DEE, and 35% cotton seed oil as a fuel with low heat rejection engine. The LHR engine is designed to maximize combustion efficiency and reduce heat loss through the use of an air gap, thermal barrier coatings, and an insulated piston. This study attempts to measure how important engine performance factors—such as power output, specific fuel consumption, braking thermal efficiency, and emission parameters like nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and unburned hydrocarbons (HC)—are affected by 2.9mm air gap sizes. Testing was done in a controlled environment to make sure the data was repeatable and reliable. The findings show that emissions and engine performance are both highly impacted by the air gap size. A 2.9 mm air gap raised the maximum cylinder pressure and temperature, which enhanced thermal efficiency and raised power output. Due to greater combustion temperatures, these conditions also resulted in decreased CO, hydrocarbon, smoke opacity, and higher NOx emissions. The results indicate that attaining a balance between improved engine performance and efficient emission management requires adjusting the air gap in insulated pistons.