Assess Factors Related to Spontaneous Space Closure Following Early First Permanent Molar Extraction

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to identify prognostic factors influencing spontaneous space closure following the extraction of mandibular first permanent molars (FPMs), focusing on the developmental stage of the second permanent molar (SPM), its angulation, and the presence or absence of the associated third molar.

Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 177 mandibular SPMs. The factors considered for successful space closure included the developmental stage of the SPM, its angulation, and whether a third molar was present.

Results: The average age of patients at the time of SPM extraction was 9.4 years, with a follow-up assessment at an average age of 12.7 years. Among the 177 mandibular SPMs evaluated, 36 (20.3%) were classified at Demirjian stage D, 63 (35.6%) at stage E, 60 (34%) at stage F, and 18 (10.1%) at stage G. Angulation data revealed that 18 SPMs (10.1%) had distal angulation, 23 SPMs (13.0%) had mesial angulation, and 136 SPMs (76.9%) were upright. Notably, 79.1% of the mandibular quadrants showed signs of third molar formation during radiographic assessment. Overall, successful spontaneous space closure was observed in 93 (52.5%) of the mandibular SPMs.

Conclusions: No statistically significant relationship was found between chronological age and the developmental stage of the mandibular SPM concerning successful spontaneous space closure at the time of FPM extraction. The presence of the mandibular third molar may play a significant role in spontaneous space closure within the mandibular arch.