Evaluation of Profiling of Total Phenolics and Flavonoids of Carissa Carnadas L. Fruits and Leaves on LC-HRMS

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Meghna Choudhary , Amit Kumar , Nupur Rani Agarwal , Ashok Singh , Jayesh Yadav , Mani Ratnam

Abstract

Craissa Carnadas L. (Karonda) is hard, drought tolerant berries.There is potential for development and promotion in the wastelands of India." The fruits are astringent as it contains high content of pectin which is use as a preserves and leaves have medicinal values such as pain relief, gut heath, inflammation, stomach ailments and diarrhea. In this study, the total phenolics and flavonoids are analysed on LC-HRMS orbitrap 240. The photochemical profile of the individual phenolic components includes caffeic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (or gentisic acid), chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, o-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (or salicylic acid), protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, and vanillic acid. The flavonoids include apigenin, catechin, hesperetin, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, naringenin, quercetin, rutin, and umbelliferone. The qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed on LC-HRMS. For Quantitative analysis “Furosemide-D5”, is used as an internal standard in the negative mode analysis. In this study, Carissa carandas (karonda) fruits and leaves are rich in secondary metabolites, particularly phenols and flavonoids. Four samples, including fresh and dry fruits and leaves, were prepared using two extraction solvents: pure methanol and methanol with hydrochloric acid (99:1). The methanol extract of fresh fruits showed the highest concentrations of phenolics, such as caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and ferulic acid, while fresh leaves had higher levels of protocatechuic acid. Flavonoid concentrations were also highest in fresh fruits, particularly for myricetin, rutin, and quercetin. Drying influenced the phenolic and flavonoid composition, with significant variations across samples.

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