Refining Research Problem Statements: Evolving from a Four-Stage Framework to AI Integration

Abstract

A clear problem statement is crucial for articulating the issue a research study aims to address. However, many students struggle to write effective problem statements despite their significance. This difficulty is exacerbated by a lack of systematic instruction on how to craft a clear problem statement. Thus, this study has two primary objectives: first, to identify the challenges postgraduate students face when writing problem statements, and second, to propose a methodology that offers a structured approach for lecturers to assist postgraduate students in constructing their research problem statements. This research employed a qualitative case study approach, utilizing Beeler’s framework to suggest steps for academicians to mentor students through the stages of problem statement writing. Eighteen postgraduate students’ problem statements were analyzed, and interviews were conducted to collect data. Students were interviewed about the challenges they faced in writing problem statements, and after a three-month intervention, evaluations from both the students and the lecturer were gathered to assess the framework's impact. The findings categorized the difficulties into three areas: structural issues, sourcing challenges, and language skills deficiencies. Additionally, this study proposed the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), addressing the issues of real-time language feedback, terminology and phrasing, citation management, and enhancing the overall clarity and coherence of problem statements. This study offers a comprehensive framework for lecturers and learners, providing practical guidance that not only aids in overcoming the identified difficulties but also enhances the quality and clarity of problem statements in postgraduate dissertations.