Comprehensive Review of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors: Principles, Technologies, and Diverse Applications Across Industries

Abstract

Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors have emerged as versatile tools for various sensing applications due to their unique properties such as small size, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and high sensitivity. This study provides a comprehensive review of FBG sensor technology and its diverse applications in different fields. The fundamental principles of FBG sensors, including fabrication techniques and operation mechanisms, are discussed. Various applications of FBG sensors are explored, including structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil infrastructure, aerospace components, and renewable energy systems. FBG sensors have shown significant potential in monitoring parameters such as strain, temperature, pressure, vibration, and corrosion in harsh environments. Furthermore, FBG sensors have been successfully deployed in industries such as oil and gas, healthcare, and transportation for real-time monitoring and early fault detection. Challenges such as sensor integration, long-term performance, and cost-effectiveness are identified, indicating areas for future research and development. Recent advancements in FBG sensor technology, such as advanced fabrication techniques and novel applications in smart grids and environmental monitoring, are also highlighted. Overall, this study underscores the importance of FBG sensors as reliable and efficient tools for a wide range of sensing applications and provides insights into their future prospects for enhancing safety, efficiency, and sustainability across various industries. The ongoing advancements in FBG sensor technology promise to further expand their applicability and effectiveness, making them a cornerstone of modern sensing solutions.