Pharmacist Practice and Clinical Management in Nutritional Models for Patient Healthcare in Kinds of Diseases: Assessment, Challenges and Technology Integration

Abstract

Clinical management and pharmacist practice in nutritional model encompass a multifaceted approach to assessing, intervening, and advancing nutritional support across various medical conditions. This review paper examines the assessment of nutrition, enteral and parenteral nutrition strategies, and the pivotal role of dietary supplements in clinical settings such as cancer, COVID-19, diabetes mellitus (DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). It explores interdisciplinary approaches to nutritional support, recognizing the importance of collaborative efforts among healthcare professionals to optimize patient outcomes. Special populations including paediatrics and geriatrics are also addressed, emphasizing tailored nutritional interventions to meet the unique needs of these demographics. Personalized nutrition emerges as a central theme, highlighting the significance of individualized dietary plans based on genetic, metabolic, and lifestyle factors. Integration of technology in nutritional interventions offers novel avenues for monitoring dietary intake, facilitating patient engagement, and delivering targeted interventions. However, this integration also poses challenges related to data security, usability, and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, the review discusses the current challenges in implementing nutritional interventions in clinical practice, such as limited resources, lack of standardized protocols, and patient compliance issues. Finally, future directions in nutritional archetypes encompass advancements in precision nutrition, leveraging omics technologies, artificial intelligence, and digital health solutions to revolutionize patient care. Overall, this review underscores the importance of comprehensive nutritional management in improving clinical outcomes and advocates for ongoing research and innovation to address existing gaps and propel the field forward.