Technology and Conduct of Election in Developing Countries: A Study of Nigeria’s Fourth Republic

Abstract

Technology integration in election administration has been a pivotal factor in reshaping the democratic landscape in many developing countries such as Nigeria since the 1999 election. This evolution, exemplified by the adoption of the Biometric Voter Authentication System (BVAS), has had profound implications for the transparency, credibility, and inclusivity of elections in the country. This paper investigates the multifaceted intersection of technology and election administration within the context of Nigeria's Fourth Republic. As the country strives to strengthen its democratic processes, the role of technology in electoral systems becomes increasingly pivotal. This study employs a comprehensive analysis of the evolution and implementation of technological solutions in electoral practices, focusing on their impact on transparency, efficiency, and inclusivity. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining in-depth case studies, interviews with key stakeholders, and a qualitative analysis of electoral components. By examining the adoption of technology in voter registration, biometric verification, electronic voting systems, and result collation, the study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the challenges and opportunities encountered in integrating technology into the electoral landscape. Furthermore, the article assesses the implications of technology on the overall integrity of the electoral process, considering issues such as cyber-security, accessibility, and public trust. The findings of this study contribute to the scholarly discourse on technology and election administration, offering insights that may inform policy decisions and electoral reforms in Nigeria and beyond. This paper concludes that the journey of integrating technology into election administration in Nigeria's Fourth Republic is dynamic, resilient, and aligned with democratic values.