Current Knowledge about the Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestation, and Treatment of COVID-19

Abstract

The current wave of acute atypical respiratory infections that began in Wuhan, China, is suspected to be caused by SARS coronavirus-2, a novel coronavirus in the Coronaviridae family. COVID-19, or coronavirus disease 19, is the name of the virus that causes this illness. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) proclaimed it a pandemic after it spread terrifyingly swiftly across the globe. This publication provides an update on the aetiology, clinical manifestations, and most recent COVID-19 therapeutic decisions. PUBMED/MEDLINE was searched for literature and various articles/case reports from 1997 to 2020 using the terms coronavirus, SARS, Middle East respiratory disease, and mRNA virus. Because of the global spread of COVID-19, all populations are experiencing an increase in illness and mortality. In the absence of an adequate and accurate antibody test, reverse-transcription PCR of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples is employed for diagnosis. Throughout the clinical range, the sickness expresses itself in mild, moderate, and severe ways. The majority of patients have a slight influenza-like disease that cannot be separated from a simple upper respiratory tract infection, or they are asymptomatic carriers who, despite their asymptomatic status, have the potential to infect anyone with whom they come into contact. For moderate and severe cases, hospitalisation and intensive care (including non-invasive and invasive ventilation, antipyretics, antivirals, antibiotics, and steroids) are required. Immunomodulatory drugs and plasma exchange therapy may aid difficult patients. Pharmaceutical companies have begun human research in a number of countries as part of their continuous search for a COVID-19 vaccine.