Sustainable Alternatives for Granular Sub Base in Road Construction: A Comprehensive Study on Steel Slag and GBFS

Abstract

As the demand for sustainable and eco-friendly infrastructure continues to grow, there is an increasing need to explore alternative materials for road construction. This study investigates the viability of replacing natural aggregates in the granular sub base (GSB) layer with industrial by-products, specifically Steel Slag and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS). The primary objective is to assess the suitability of these alternative materials through a series of comprehensive tests, aligning with Indian Standard (IS) codes and Indian Road Congress (IRC) guidelines.

The research encompasses fundamental tests on aggregates as per IS codes, evaluating essential properties such as particle size distribution, specific gravity, and water absorption. Additionally, a critical examination of the Volumetric Expansion of steel slag is performed, following the guidelines outlined in IRC codes, to assess its expansive nature.

The study systematically analyzes the mechanical, physical, and expansive characteristics of Steel Slag and GBFS, comparing them with conventional aggregates typically used in GSB layers. The findings aim to provide insights into the structural performance, durability, and environmental impact of these sustainable alternatives. The results obtained from this research contribute to the broader discourse on incorporating eco-friendly practices in road construction, offering valuable information for decision-makers, engineers, and stakeholders involved in infrastructure.