Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) Applications in Green Port Water Quality Management in Malaysia

Abstract

Latest port generation is more adapted to eco-friendly environmental. Thus, port industry is experiencing new challenges as it is subjected to increased pressure for environment protection enforcement. Water quality issues are among the most widely debated topics since they have a significant effect on water resources, biodiversity, and health impacts and well-being. The polluted water from vessels and facilities in the port leaving the water inappropriate for consumption and instigating water-related infections so it must be controlled and monitored regularly. This paper will examine and review the various Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) to identify, mapping and monitor the water quality. One of the water quality managements is by considering the Water Quality Index (WQI). The parameters consist of ammoniacal nitrogen, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solid (TSS). WQI will show the state of water quality at a station and if pollution happen, RS will detect and then the data can be sent directly to GIS. This technology is advantages in order to help store data and handle water quality data more effectively. GIS and RS provides a way to summarize overall water quality situations in a way that can be clearly communicated to different audiences, can help understand whether overall water quality poses a threat to water resources in port areas. The use of GIS and RS also to demonstrate results in water quality protection and rehabilitation efforts.