Optimal Node Voltage State Estimation in Power Systems: A Comprehensive Analysis and Simulation Model Validation

Abstract

Node voltage state estimation is a critical aspect of power system analysis, aiming to determine accurate voltage magnitudes and angles at various nodes within an electrical grid. This research focuses on developing an algorithm for node voltage state estimation, treating these parameters as state variables. The algorithm enables the calculation of additional vital parameters such as currents, power flows, and injections, essential for power system optimization and management. The study employs the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method, assuming Gaussian-distributed measurement errors, to infer optimal parameter values for a network's state parameters. The approach is applied to power networks using a polar coordinate system, facilitating the analysis of voltage magnitude, real and reactive power flow, and power injection.