Bioactivity Evaluation of Ti-Nb-CaSiO3 in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution

Abstract

Titanium (Ti) is the most often used metallic biomaterial in orthopedic implants due to its remarkable properties such as high strength and good corrosion resistance. Nonetheless, the analysis must be carried out for Ti-based material in order to ensure their quality for use as biomaterial. The initial test that needs to be performed include bioactivity in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) to determine whether the material can form an apatite layer. The present work investigates the bioactivity evaluation of Ti-Nb-CaSiO₃ composite in HBSS. Ti, Nb and CaSiO₃ powders were mixed in planetary mill at 200 rpm for 2 h, followed by compaction under 500 MPa and sintering at 800, 1000 and 1200 °C. Upon immersion test in HBSS for 30 days, apatite deposition corresponding to the Ca and P layer was formed on the surface of all composites. At a sintering temperature of 1200 °C, the composite displayed greater apatite coverage, exhibiting an amorphous structure, which reveals its potential as a bioactive material.