Evaluation of Tensile Properties on Glass/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composite by Matrix Modification with Synergetic Impact of Hybrid Nanofillers

Abstract

Epoxy, known for its binding strength and stability, can become brittle due to low stiffness and toughness. To mitigate the inherent brittleness of epoxy, nanofillers are introduced to improve the properties of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite. In demand for tailored strength, hybrid fiber polymer composites unite robust fibers with a less resilient matrix, offering versatility in lightweight, cost-effective applications. This work aims to investigate the synergistic impact of Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) hybrid nanofillers on epoxy-based glass/carbon composites. The epoxy is altered by introducing MWCNTs and HNTs nanofillers at concentrations of 1 wt.% (comprising 0.5 wt.% MWCNTs and 0.5 wt.% HNTs) and 2 wt.% (comprising 1 wt.% MWCNTs and 1 wt.% HNTs), respectively. Mechanical tests following ASTM standards reveal that the 1 wt.% MWCNT + 1 wt.% HNT hybrid composites exhibit a notable 23.7% increase in tensile strength, and 6.7% in hardness compared to unmodified counterparts. Fracture surface analysis indicates improved fiber-matrix interactions, toughening the matrix, and enhancing resin-fiber adhesion. MWCNTs contribute to pullout/bridging effects, while HNTs aid crack deflection, resulting in superior tensile properties for the hybrid nanocomposites.