Effect of Ferric (Fe3+) Ion Dopant on the Dielectric Properties of Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate Single Crystals for Electrical Devices

Abstract

Using a slow evaporation process, single crystals of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) were developed. Ferric (Fe³⁺) ion in the form of FeCl₃ (0.15 mol %.) was introduced in the solution as a dopant. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss, ac conductivity, dc conductivity, and activation energies of the pure and Fe³⁺ ion doped KHP crystals grown have been determined. Materials with such frequency-dependent electrical properties make excellent prospects for microelectronic applications. Heating devices generally use crystals having high dielectric constants at low frequencies. A low dielectric constant in the higher frequency range indicates that the crystals have improved optical quality with fewer flaws, demonstrating the materials' aptitude for NLO applications. According to the impedance analysis, the conductivity response is good at lower frequencies (100Hz). Hence, low-frequency insulators can also be made from these materials.