Extraction and Recovery of Metals from Electronic Waste, Reuse, Recycle and Reduce Waste

Abstract

The issue of electronic waste (e-waste) recycling is the subject of this paper. E-waste refers to electrical and electronic devices that are unwanted, broken, or discarded. This includes old, end-of-life, or discarded electrical and electronic equipment, such as household appliances, office information and communications equipment, entertainment and consumer electronic equipment, lighting equipment, electric and electronic tools, and more. The aim of this research paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the e-waste problem, the methodology of e-waste management, and various physical, chemical, and metallurgical e-waste recycling processes. Special attention is given to the extraction of both metallic values and non-metallic substances. The hazards generated by heavy metals, brominated flame substances, and other potentially harmful elements in e-waste are also discussed. Due to the presence of hazardous elements, electronic waste is generally considered hazardous waste and, if not managed properly, can have a significant impact on human and environmental health. This paper evaluates the potential hazards and opportunities of e-waste in the future.

It is now widely known through social media that discarded electronic components, or e-waste, represent most of the hazardous solid waste produced worldwide. According to the United Nations University, 53.6 million metric tons of e-waste were generated in 2019, and a 30% increase is expected by 2030. E-waste recycling is an important part of the economy in developing countries and is key to increasing the sustainability of electronic devices that often rely on the exploration of rare earth elements. However, data shows that more than 80% of e-waste is not adequately treated, which negatively impacts the surrounding environment and the health of exposed populations, highlighting the need to reduce e-waste and improve its management.