Impact Evaluation of Different Plug-In Electric Vehicles Emission Using Precise Pricing Scheme

Abstract

The alarming rate of increasing automotive emission and green house gas has made the condition more critical. Without reducing the commercial and personal user functionalities, it is necessary to manage the tail pipe emission. Plug in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) has recently gained lot of interest with its emission reduction targets. Meanwhile, in order to meet the requirements of increased power due to PHEV charging, the distribution system should be reinforced. Thus, the charging station should be placed at appropriate location to scale down the operational cost. This paper proposes an agent-based simulation framework that considers both the optimal location and optimal control strategies for PHEV charge scheduling. A novel Two Phase Particle Swarm Optimization (TP-PSO) is proposed to solve the objective function. For the first time, different vehicle models are considered to generate solutions. The test result support the efficacy the proposed optimization method. Also, the economic and stability aspect of the system is addressed under various scenarios and several important findings are revealed.