Continuous Column Performance in Lead Removal from Aquatic Environment Using Fixed Bed of Goat Hoofs

Abstract

The current work aims to evaluate the potential of Goat Hoofs, in a continuous flow removal of lead ions from aqueous and real effluents with more successive capability and regeneration cycles. The influential parameters obtained in a batch equilibration method are used to scale-up the process of short term and long term column studies.  The fixed bed study is conducted in a column with the constant flow rate of 50 mL/ 5 min, 0.71 mm particle size and at the initial concentration of 70 – 100 mg/ L. The long term analysis at the laboratory levels, reveal 98% and 92% lead removal from aqueous and industrial leachates. Fabric Reinforced Polymer is designed for column studies for industrial effluents, later extended to the effluent discharge plants where the assessed performance indicated 100% removal of Pb(II) ions from Paint factory wastewaters.