Lorentz force and viscous dissipation consequences convective flow of a hybrid nanofluid with different base fluids in heat transfer over a stretching sheet

Abstract

Hybrid nanofluids have grown important consideration in modern centuries due to their greater thermal and rheological characteristics compared to conventional nanofluids. The primary goal of this research is to provide more details on the stable and incompressible stream of a hybrid nanofluid over a stretching sheet in two dimensions and the same is to be investigated. In the hybrid nanofluid flow, which consists of TiO₂ and Cu as nanoparticles, (H₂O, and NaC₆H₉O₇) are considered as base fluids. Additionally, consideration is given to the components of the magnetic field and viscous dissipation. Prior to being solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta fourth-order method, the existing partial differential equations are first transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. The results illustrate that significant parameter such as the magnetic parameter, nanoparticles of solid volume fractions, Eckert number, and Casson parameter significantly influence momentum and thermal profiles. These analyses protest that raising the Eckert number grounds an increase in the hybrid nanofluid temperature. Moreover, the Casson parameter has decreased the temperature profile in TiO₂-Cu/ sodium alginate hybrid nanofluids. One of the promising applications of hybrid nanofluids is the heat transmission enhancement for a stretching sheet.