Effect of Job Demand, Social Support and Decision Latitude on Burnout in Doctors Working in Private and Government Hospitals

Abstract

Burnout in doctors is a critical issue that has been recognized in recent years. Burnout is characterized as a state marked with mental, physical as well as emotional exhaustion that is a result of prolonged and excessive stress. Doctors, particularly those in high-stress environments such as emergency rooms, intensive care units, and other specialties, are at increased risk of burnout which is due to the demanding jobs. This study investigated the effect of job demand, decision latitude (job control & skill discretion) and social support on burnout after controlling for demographic variables in Indian medical doctors. Burnout was assessed using Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) by Maslach, & Jackson (1981). Job demand and decision latitude were studied using measures developed by Karasek (1979). Finally, Social Network Scale by Lubben (1988) was used to measure social network. The sample consisted of 109 doctors from the city of Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh, India. The data from private practitioners was collected based on convenience whereas for government doctors the questionnaires were distributed through the Chief Medical Officer’s office in Allahabad. Results indicated that job demand, decision latitude and social support were all significantly correlated with job burnout. Type of practice was the only demographic variable significantly predicting burnout. Job demand and decision latitude were significant predictors of burnout. The major limitations of the study were in regards to its sample size and sampling method. The findings from this study hold important implications for researchers as well as practitioners. Suggestions for future research are also given.