Review on Electromagnetic Induction-Based Energy Harvesting Wheels

Abstract

Recent studies on electromagnetic wheel-based energy harvesting show strong potential for powering onboard monitoring systems in high-speed and electric vehicles. Researchers developed vibration-driven harvesters for train wheel bearings using electromagnetic induction to convert low-frequency wheel vibrations into usable electrical energy. Mechanical and electromagnetic optimization improved relative motion between components, increasing output efficiency under real operating conditions. Advanced materials such as Invar 42 were selected to improve durability, fatigue resistance, and structural reliability for long-term service. Some studies also explain how wheel rotation and centrifugal effects support the principles of electromagnetic induction during motion. Magnetic energy harvesters have gained importance in wireless sensor networks by supplying power to sensors mounted on rotating vehicle wheels. Simulation tools such as Ansys Maxwell and MATLAB/Simulink were used to predict voltage, current, and power generation performance. Results consistently showed that higher wheel speed produces greater electrical output and improved harvesting capability. In electric and hybrid vehicles, this recovered energy can recharge batteries and extend driving range without external charging. Overall, electromagnetic wheel harvesters provide a compact, durable, and efficient solution for sustainable vehicle energy recovery.