Performance Evaluation of RC Beams Retrofitted with GFRP and CFRP Strengthening Schemes for Sustainable Structural Rehabilitation

Abstract

The durability and structural safety of reinforced concrete (RC) beams are often compromised due to environmental exposure, mechanical damage, and aging-related deterioration. Retrofitting with fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP), particularly glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), has emerged as a sustainable solution for enhancing flexural strength, stiffness, and serviceability of deficient RC members. This study evaluates the effect of different strengthening schemes using GFRP and CFRP systems on the structural performance of RC beams. The review and synthesis of experimental and analytical investigations reveal that externally bonded FRP significantly improves load-carrying capacity, delays crack initiation, and reduces deflection under service loads. Comparative assessment shows CFRP offers higher stiffness and strength efficiency, while GFRP remains a cost-effective alternative with reasonable improvements. The findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate strengthening schemes based on performance requirements and economic feasibility, contributing toward sustainable structural rehabilitation practices.